Wednesday, January 1, 2020
A Report On Ninos Barrio Inc.five Year Plans - 851 Words
Nià ±os Barrio Inc.five year plans include developing the strategies and actions to accomplish measurable achievements in kindergarten readiness. The strategies that are presented are grounded in evidence-based practices, and are exclusively intended to be used as a guide for policymakers, legislators, caregivers, early care and education providers, healthcare providers, and other concerned community members to expand on our ideas and concepts to make access to this beneficent nuance program available in every Hispanic and low-income community around the United States. Nià ±os Barrio Inc. plans on receiving funding through numerous routes such as local, federal, and private grants. As a high-quality preschool program in an at-risk community location, we would automatically receive federal and local grants, due to the amount of money that has been put into early childhood education recently. Obama has placed $1 billion dollars alone not including the Health and Human Services Department has awarded another $500 million to expand head start in 40 states, and another $330 million has been donated from major corporations, foundations, and individuals to help with the early childhood education goal.â⬠(Obama announces $1 billion investment, 2015, p. 1). There is also an abundance of private grants that can be applied for, our organization is non-profit giving us a multitude of tax breaks and benefits as well. Participation in different high-quality programs such as the
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Uk s Driving Communities For Growing Up Instruction
Established in 1889, we are one of the UK s driving communities for grown-up instruction. Morley is best known for music and the visual expressions, with more than 13,000 understudies contemplating with us every year. We have been appraised as London s top school for learner fulfillment in 2015.* Our helpful focal London area is spot on the limit of the districts of Lambeth and Southwark. We are near Westminster Bridge and Waterloo Station as are truly very much put to serve the adapting needs of Londoners, and in addition workers ready to set out effortlessly to the College. Morley is about the delight of learning and the constructive effect fruitful learning has in bringing out individual potential, restoring self-conviction and making new open door. The Morley staff group are authorities in grown-up training, with impressive subject mastery in the Arts, Culture and Applied Sciences. Notwithstanding more than sixty regions of study Morley gives an uncommon scope of advancement open doors for understudies and the more extensive group, keeping up a prominent project of exhibitions and occasions, including open presentations at the Morley Gallery. Whether considering for self-improvement and prosperity, to increase vital aptitudes (English, Maths, IT), to get to advanced education, or for vocation improvement or change, our vision at Morley is for our understudies desire to be propelled and accomplished through learning. Much obliged to you again for yourShow MoreRelatedMandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London3249 Words à |à 13 Pagespermission should be taken before use. But in the current time the guests of the hotel can also take part in the tradition after pre availed permission. (Mandarin Oriental the Hotel Group. 2012). Recognitions â⬠¢ Conde Nast Traveller UK Readerââ¬â¢s Choice Awards, 2014 Runner up ââ¬â UK Business Hotels â⬠¢ Travel Leisure Magazine Worldââ¬â¢s Best Hotels, 2014 Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London â⬠¢ Trip Advisor - Certificate of Excellence, 2014 Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London â⬠¢ Food Travel Magazine Awards, 2014Read MoreOrganisational Structure Is an on-Going Management Task. How Does Organisational Structure Affect Human Behaviour in Organisations?2102 Words à |à 9 Pagesmembers of the organisationâ⬠(Mullins, 2005, p. 596). That is mean the relationships are close between managers and staff, especially in small companies them relationship are visible. J.Child in his work presents three different components that make up the definitions of organisational structure: 1. ââ¬Å"Organization structure designates formal reporting relationships, including the number of levels in the hierarchy and the span of control of managers and supervisorsâ⬠ââ¬â as before this definition is aboutRead MoreThe Importance of Literacy Attainment in Primary Education5055 Words à |à 21 PagesWhy the government are driving to ensure literacy is a main priority, especially reading by six years of age. The importance of this and the effects on the child, parents, teachers and society. Abstract This paper attempts to analyse why the government are working so hard at ensuring all our primary children are reading by the age of six. The importance of this and the effect on children, teachers and society. It is well documented that reading is one of the most important abilities studentsRead MoreBusiness Strategies Of Tesco PLC24572 Words à |à 99 Pagessubmitted in candidature for any degree. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. The correction services have been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s). Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the titleRead MoreInvestment Banking in Bangladesh5749 Words à |à 23 Pagesitââ¬â¢s existing and potential valued customers.à Credits cards can now be used at shops amp; restaurants all around Bangladesh and even internationally. Trust Bank is a customer oriented financial institution.à It remains dedicated to meet up with the ever growing expectations of the customer because at Trust Bank, customer is always at the center. Vision of Trust Bank Limited We aim to provide financial services to meet customer expectations so that customers feel we are always there when they needRead MoreStandardisation and Adaptation Within International Marketing Context24708 Words à |à 99 PagesTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Integration of Standardisation and Adaptation Marketing Mix Strategy Reference to Shiseido Company in UK and China Being a Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration (General) in the University of Hull by Ai Jun Hou , BA (Honours) (April 20, 2001) Acknowledgement This dissertation reflects the contribution and insights of many people. I shall take the opportunity to thank the followingRead MoreCulture in Marketing Essay4606 Words à |à 19 PagesThe way we do things around here. In releation to International marketing, culture can be defined as Ãâ The sum total of learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to direct consumer behaviour in a particular country market. Thus culture is made up of three essential components. Beliefs A large number of mental and verbal processes which reflect our knowledge and assessment of products and services. Values The indiacators consumers use to serve as guides for what is appropriate behaviourRead MoreFasting Feasting18686 Words à |à 75 Pagesof study that gives students the freedom to select subjects that are right for them. Cambridge International AS Levels often represent the first half of an A Level course but may also be taken as a freestanding qualification. They are accepted in all UK universities and carry half the weighting of an A Level. University course credit and advanced standing is often available for Cambridge International A/AS Levels in countries such as the USA and Canada. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/recognition. Read MoreTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words à |à 56 Pages in the coming years Indian hospitality is seeing green pastures of growth. Availability of qualified human resources and untapped geographical resources give great prospects to the hospitality industry. The number of tourists coming to India is growing year after year. Likewise, internal tourism is another area with great potentials.à | 1. Low cost carriers:à Travelers in general are more price sensitive to airfare than they are to hotel room rates. Often a low airfare will stimulate demand forRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words à |à 199 Pagesprepared to pay for a product by making a bid online. At the end of the time period set by the seller, the product is sold to the highest bidder. If there are lots of bidders this means that demand is high and the price will be driven up. Demand is forcing up the price. On the other hand, if there are only a few bids this means that demand is low and the price of the product will also be low. If there are no bids at all this means that there is no demand and the product will go unsold. Sometimes
Monday, December 16, 2019
Turf Grass Industries Free Essays
The field of turfgrass science, and golf course management has became very sophisticated in just the few short years that I have been involved. Much of the equipment has gone higher tech, as far as electric motors, and more computerized technology. Many golf course superintendents now are , ââ¬Å"online via the webâ⬠. We will write a custom essay sample on Turf Grass Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now If there is a question concerning a new disease or fertilizer one can log on to Texas A@M home page and hopefully find a solution to the problem. The technology in the computer field has also advanced the irrigation technology in the agriculture field. Irrigation systems can now be turned on with the touch of a button through IBM or MACINTOSH Personal computer. New computer technology will continue to make leaps and bounds for the turfgrass industry. Ransome Industries, maker of fine turgrass mowing equipment, has come out with the first electric mowing machine. I myself am not in favor of this, or I would guess anyone in the petroleum industry is either for that matter. There has been a greater demand for environmental concern along the nations coastlines, and nation wide. Most of the worlds great golf courses are located along the coasts. Ransome was banking on that an electric mowing machine would fit that need. It has been slow to catch on as of late. Itâ⬠s benefits are an almost quiet no noise machine. (Beard 302). Many country club members would become outraged when the superintendents would send out the greensmowers daily at 6:00 A. M. The diesel and gasoline powered engines are noisy, and would wake up many members that live along the golf course. The second benefit is no cost of gasoline or oil, and therefore no chance of a petroleum leak or spill. There downfall lies in there initial cost,â⬠$15,000 for a gasoline triplex mower, and $20,000 for an electric powered mower. Another real downfall is that they can only mow nine holes, then they have to be charged for ten hours, rendering them useless for the rest of the day. Hopefully technology can produce an environmental friendly machine, while not putting the oil industry in a bind, â⬠And also keep the governments hands out of the cookie jar with new environmental taxesâ⬠!!!!!! The Internet has become a very important tool to the people in the turfgrass industry. At any given time a golf course superintendent can log onto various companyâ⬠s home pages to learn something about their product. If one day I am searching for a new fairway mower, I can bypass the phone calls and written estimates, and go strait to the information. Toro, Ransome, Jacobsen, and even John Deere all have home pages. You can inquire on a certain mower model, engine size or anything you need to know. It will list a price and even the shipping and handling and the salesmanâ⬠s commission. Perhaps the best part about the Internet, is all the turfgrass related information that is at your fingertips. (Beard 120) One can access the three dominating turfgrass schools in just seconds. Those three schools would be Texas A@M, Mississippi State, and Oklahoma State. If it is in the middle of the summer, and there is a big tournament coming up they can be of great help. If your putting greens start to die in spots in the heat of the summer, one could log on to Texas A@M home page, and root around for some information, on what type of disease might be causing it. (Beard 420) They give identifying characteristics for each disease that is helpful in a quick diagnoses of the problem. They even offer helpful tips on what chemicals will best control the problem, and how much to spray. If thatâ⬠s not enough they give tips on employee management, and possible job opportunities with the college. How can the Internet and computer technology possibly make my future job any easier, I might ask. Well that is an easy question to answer. Toro, Rainbird, and Flowtronics PSI, have found a way to make water management an easy task. Automatic water irrigation systems have been around since the early seventyâ⬠s. First they were run off a mechanical pin and timer system for home lawn use. This was a very reliable system, but it lacked flexibility. (Wikshire95) Next came the automatic timer systems. These run off an electronic timer from a 110 volt wall outlet. These are still in use today, and it is a very good system. (Wikshire 112) Last but not least has come the water management system run from your personal Macintosh or IBM compatible computer. The personal computer actually works as the brain for the irrigation system. (Wikshire200) You down load the program into the computer, and bam it does all the work for you. It has a water sensor located outside that tells the system to shut off if it has rained to much, or to come on if it is getting extremely dry on a hot summer day. It also can measure the amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the soil, if necessary. It will test the water, and tell you the amount of salt or nitrates located in the water. Once a watering program is started it is also easily changed to another program if so desired. (Wikshire202) This has benefited the turfgrass industry in many ways. It has saved superintendents from having to come and shut the irrigation off in the middle of the night if it starts raining hard. Most importantly it has saved money in the labor part of the budget. It keeps hourly employees occupied with other tasks, other than having to turn on individual sprinkler heads every day. The most popular program by far is the Rainbird Vari-Time V and VI programs. (Wikshire250) These two programs are leaps and bounds above the rest. Having knowledge of computers and computer related programs will be very beneficial to me in the turfgrass industry. The technology will benefit me and others. From new high tech electric mowing machines, to non hydraulic mowers. The Internet could be the most useful tool for me in my job. It will give me useful knowledge on what is going on in the world. Also it could help save me from a costly mistake when it comes to disease control that could cost me my job. The computer industry has also made great accomplishments when it comes to water conservation management. These programs can be downloaded into your personal computer. They are great labor savers, and most of all effective time management tools. I hope that the technology will keep advancing, and make my future job as a golf course superintendent much easier. How to cite Turf Grass Industries, Essay examples
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Professional Business Communications for Logic- myassignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about theProfessional Business Communications for Logic. Answer: In chapter 15: Critical Thinking, Argument, Logic, and Persuasion, the author describes the close connection between these three concepts. He concludes that critical thinking is all about presenting arguments in a logical, clear and persuasive manner especially when responding to questions and problems (Chapter 15: Critical Thinking, Argument, Logic, And Persuasion ). In the newspaper section the Australian For The Informed Australian, Budget Sweeteners Leave Slightly Sour Aftertaste, the writer is expressing the views of the majority in regard to the new budget. According to him, this budget has led a condition with harsh prevailing economic variables such as increasing public debt, uncertain terms of trade, and aging population. On the other hand, the author of the material Breakfast of Champions? 16th May 2017, summarizes the general outlooks of various individuals about the changes in the higher education in Sydney, Australia (The Australian, 2017). I tend to agree with the author's point of view when he asserts that questioning and critical thinking enable an individual to examine and put into a test any sort of propositions which are provided for acceptance, in an attempt to figure out whether the reasons, inferences, and conclusions equal the arguer's argument. Apparently, the writer of the newspaper article takes this stand. Throughout his work, he reinforces his standpoints with robust premises. For example, to provide a clear prove that the new budget has come along with economic drawbacks he points out that circumstances such as widening gap between the poor and the rich, increasing national debt, augmented dependency ratio, only to mention a few, have substantially lowered the overall living standards of the citizens(Budget Sweeteners leave Slightly Sour Aftertaste ). His information covers opinions of the majority, facts and it is free of propaganda. Facts, in this case, can easily be verified and opinion; though are ba sed on realistic information are evolving from the writer's interpretation of facts. Besides, the information in this section appears to be well-researched and hence valid. In addition, assumptions made in this material are reasonable and free of errors and omissions. According to him, the government parties are known to put their interests before those of nation, thus making decisions ahead of the views of the voters and implementing decisions as demanded by circumstances. In short, the arguments explained by this writer are in line with other related works I have read before on the same topic. In the Breakfast of Champions, however, the writer seems to be deprived of a clear sense of cognitive reasoning. First, the flow of argument in the material is quite intricate, multifaceted and hence difficult to conceptualize and comprehend his message. This aspect is contradicting the first authors opinion that critical thinking is often manifested in writing materials which present aptitude of persuasion which is often depicted the arguers ability to develop a precise understanding of the content as well as evaluating it. Unlike the other two writers, his work is not organized logically and as such points are not clearly presented. One, therefore, finds the text complicated to read and comprehend. Bibliography THE AUSTRALIAN. (2017, May 17). Breakfast of Champions, p. 1. Budget Sweeteners leave Slightly Sour Aftertaste. (n.d.). The Australian for the Informed Australian. (n.d.). CHAPTER 15: CRITICAL THINKING, ARGUMENT, LOGIC, AND PERSUASION.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Psychology Adolescent Depression Essays - Abnormal Psychology
Psychology Adolescent Depression The Under Acknowledged Disease Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because children are not always able to express how they feel. Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm. Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996) and suicide (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996; Oster & Montgomery, 1996) all of which can hide depressive symptoms. The signs of clinical depression include marked changes in mood and associated behaviors that range from sadness, withdrawal, and decreased energy to intense feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Depression is often described as an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of normal mood changes (Brown 1996). Key indicators of adolescent depression include a drastic change in eating and sleeping patterns, significant loss of interest in previous activity interests (Blackman, 1995; Oster & Montgomery, 1996), constant boredom (Blackman, 1995), disruptive behavior, peer problems, increased irritability and aggression (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) proposed that formal psychologic testing may be helpful in complicated presentations that do not lend themselves easily to diagnosis. For many teens, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity. For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). Oster & Montgomery (1996) stated that when parents are struggling over marital or career problems, or are ill themselves, teens may feel the tension and try to distract their parents. This distraction could include increased disruptive behavior, self-inflicted isolation and even verbal threats of suicide. So how can the physician determine when a patient should be diagnosed as depressed or suicidal? Brown (1996) suggested the best way to diagnose is to screen out the vulnerable groups of children and adolescents for the risk factors of suicide and then refer them for treatment. Some of these risk factors include verbal signs of suicide within the last three months, prior attempts at suicide, indication of severe mood problems, or excessive alcohol and substance abuse. Many physicians tend to think of depression as an illness of adulthood. In fact, Brown (1996) stated that it was only in the 1980's that mood disorders in children were included in the category of diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. In actuality, 7-14% of children will experience an episode of major depression before the age of 15. An average of 20-30% of adult bipolar patients report having their first episode before the age of 20. In a sampling of 100,000 adolescents, two to three thousand will have mood disorders out of which 8-10 will commit suicide (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) remarked that the suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade. Brown (1996) added that an estimated 2,000 teenagers per year commit suicide in the United States, making it the leading cause of death after accidents and homicide. Blackman (1995) stated that it is not uncommon for young people to be preoccupied with issues of mortality and to contemplate the effect their death would have on close family and friends. Once it has been determined
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Personal Law Essay on Hate Crimes
Personal Law Essay on Hate Crimes Free Online Research Papers The first amendment of the United States Constitution states that, ââ¬Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.â⬠The only argument to this amendment nowadays is what words are and arenââ¬â¢t classified in these two categories. The new law, under the Historic Hate Crimes Legislation signed by governor George E. Pataki in July of 2000, defines a hate crime being committed when a person intentionally commits a specified offense, such as intimidation, violence, assault, kidnapping, arson murder, or other crimes, against an individual because of his or her race, color, national origin, ancestry, gender, age, disability, religion or religious practice or sexual orientation. Also addressed in this legislation are the penalties for committing a hate crime, which can be enhanced now. However, the enhancement law only applies to criminal acts such as selecting a victim to commit a crime towards. It does not apply to cases dealing with speech or actions, otherwise known as ââ¬Å"hate speechâ⬠, because they are protected by the first amendment. While someone is guilty if he or she performs one of the specified offenses above, this law also insures that only people who are found truly motivated by hatred will be prosecuted. This is an important part of the law to enforce because if the defendant and the victim are two different races it doesnââ¬â¢t automatically mean the crime was committed through hatred. The prosecutor would be able to find the defendant guilty if they had evidence such as the defendant would have committed the same crime to the next person of the discriminated race, among other things. This information is crucial because an easy way for certain people of a discriminated race to get a quick settlement is by simply filing that a hate crime was committed against them and twisting the story of what really happened. Convictions go as far as the crime committed does. There are no special penalties or punishments for committing hate crimes. In some states there are reform groups such as the Los Angeles County District Attorneyââ¬â¢s JOLT (Juvenile Offenders Learning Tolerance) Program. Since a high percentage of hate crimes are committed by teenagers and younger people, this program focuses on intervening with youths that have engaged in bias-motivated misconduct or low-level hate crimes. Programs like JOLT are productive, strategic ways to teach the young people of America the evils of hate crimes before itââ¬â¢s too late. It is proven that teenagers tried as adults and sent to prison have a much higher chance of recommitting their crimes than teenagers who are put in juvenile delinquency centers and programs. Although there arenââ¬â¢t any specific punishments for hate crimes, the government is cracking down and taking them completely serious now; especially with the sentencing of convicted offenders, hoping to send a message to others, who think about committing hate crimes, that they wonââ¬â¢t just get a slap on the wrist anymore. Research Papers on Personal Law Essay on Hate CrimesCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and
Friday, November 22, 2019
The Complete Guide to AP US Government FRQs
The Complete Guide to AP US Government FRQs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Free-response questions on the AP US Government exam are more straightforward than those on some other AP tests, but they can still be tough if you're not ready for them. In this guide, I'll lay out a step-by-step method for answering AP Government FRQs, go through a real example, and tell you where you can find additional practice resources. AP Government Free-Response Section Format The free-response section has four questions total, each of which is worth an equal percentage of your score.Youââ¬â¢ll have an hour and 40 minutes to answer these questions, which means you should spend no more than 20-25 minutes on each of them.Each question is typically worth between 5-7 raw points, and the free-response section as a whole makes up 50 percent of your score.All the free-response questions have pretty much the same format, so it's one of the simpler AP free-response sections overall. Free-response questions on this exam will ask you to integrate your knowledge of the various content areas covered by the course.This includes analyzing political events in the US, discussing examples, and demonstrating your understanding of general principles of US government and politics.You'll also be asked to examine data from charts, define key terms, and explain the roles that different parts of our government play in the political system. AP Government FRQs: Step-By-Step Solution Process This section provides a step-by-step process for answering any question on the AP US Government exam.Hereââ¬â¢s a sample question that Iââ¬â¢ll reference throughoutso that you can see how these steps might work in practice: Step 1: Read the Introduction to the Question Most questions on this test will have an introductory sentence or two before they break down into parts that you need to answer.This will give you background information and a general sense of what to expect in the rest of the question.Some questions are accompanied by images or charts (as we will see in the example section).If thatââ¬â¢s the case, you should also take a second here to review the graphics and make sure you understand what theyââ¬â¢re showing. If you want, you can read the intros to all the questions before choosing where to begin. It may help to build your confidence and improve your efficiency to start with a question thatââ¬â¢s easier for you.In the sample question, you would note from the introduction that the question is going to be dealing with the role of political parties in US government.The intro also tells us that political parties have recently gained influence in Congress while losing influence in the actual election process. Step 2: Identify (and Underline, If You Want) the Command Verb For each part of each question, youââ¬â¢re given specific instructions on the type of answer that is expected.These instructions include verbs like ââ¬Å"identifyâ⬠, ââ¬Å"explainâ⬠, ââ¬Å"describeâ⬠, ââ¬Å"defineâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"compare.â⬠Itââ¬â¢s important to be aware of exactly what the question is asking you to do so that you can earn full points.These command verbs are the first words you should zero in on as you read.If you think it will help keep you focused, you can even underline them as you go through the question. In part a of the sample question, the command verb is ââ¬Å"describe.â⬠This indicates that you need to do more than just state an important function of political parties; you need to expand on exactly what it is.In parts c and d, the command verb changes to ââ¬Å"explainâ⬠, which means youââ¬â¢ll need to include even more elaboration in your answer on how certain factors have affected party politics. Step 3: Address All the Potential Points After finding the command verb in the part of the question youââ¬â¢re answering, take note of how many examples or descriptions you need to provide.Each of them will almost always correspond to a point in your raw score for the question.Be careful to answer the question thoroughly but directly, addressing all of these points in a way that will make it easy for graders to assess your response.You donââ¬â¢t need to write an essay for these free-response questions. Just go straight for the answer to avoid ambiguity. For part a of the sample question, youââ¬â¢re asked to describe two important functions of political parties, which means that part a is almost certainly worth two points.You need to make sure you provide two distinct functions and make it easy for the grader to award points foryour answer.If you go through the rest of the question, it looks like there are five raw points available in total:two for part a, one for part b, two for part c, and one for part d.Write your answer carefully so you can scoop up all of them! Step 4: Reread Your Answer Finally, reread what you wrote to ensure that it makes sense and addresses the question completely.Did you give the correct number of descriptions/examples/identifications? Does your answer directly respond to what the question is asking overall?If youââ¬â¢re satisfied, move onto the next part of the question and return to step 2! AP Government FRQ Example Now, Iââ¬â¢ll go through the answers to a real AP Government free-response question from the 2013 exam to show you what your responses should look like: First, letââ¬â¢s consider the chart and the introductory sentence for this question.It looks like weââ¬â¢re comparing the distribution of judicial appointments by gender and ethnicity for two different presidents. For part a, you are asked to describe one way in which the judicial appointments of Obama and Bush were similar.You might say that in both cases more than half of the appointees were white, with Obama at 59 percent and Bush at 82 percent white.You could also say that the percentage of Hispanic nominees was similar for each president or that in both cases Asian American nominees were the rarest of all the ethnic groups.You would earn one point for this part of the question if you included either of those responses. For part b, you are asked to describe two differences between the presidents in their judicial appointments.One difference you might point out is that a significantly larger percentage of Obamaââ¬â¢s nominees were women - almost half compared to Bushââ¬â¢s mere 22 percent.A second difference is that Obama appointed a greater percentage of candidates from racial minorities. For example, 22 percent of his appointees were African American as compared to Bushââ¬â¢s 7 percent.You could earn two points for part b, one for each difference between the two sets of nominees. Part c asks you to explain how party affiliation impacts judiciary nominations.You might say that the President often chooses nominees with similar views who will adhere to his policy preferences.This typically means people who belong to the same political party as the President.You could also say that the President tends to choose nominees who will make his partyââ¬â¢s electoral base happy and lead to victories in future elections.Part c was worth one point. Finally, part d asks you to describe what a President can do to increase the likelihood that his federal court nominees will be confirmed.Possible answers to part d include: Consulting with the Senate/using senatorial courtesy Selecting a moderate candidate in the first place Properly vetting candidates and choosing people who are highly qualified You would earn one point for this part of the question if you described any one of these methods.Notice that this question was worth a total of five raw points, which is probably the lowest raw point value youââ¬â¢ll see on any of the AP US Government free-response questions.However, a lower raw point value doesnââ¬â¢t mean itââ¬â¢s worth any less in your final scaled score; each free-response question is equally important on this test. Even people who make extremely important decisions, like federal judges, are appointed partially based on their political favorability. How to Practice AP US Government Free-Response Questions There are several resources that you can use to hone your skills in answering AP Government FRQs. Official College Board Resources The College Board site hosts free-response questions from previous tests that you can use for practice.Questions that come from tests administered between 2004 and 2015 are accompanied by scoring guidelines, so you can check your answers and tally up how many points you would have earned.These are the best sample free-response questions you can get because you know for sure that they accurately represent what youââ¬â¢ll see on the real test.The questions from 2002 and 2003 donââ¬â¢t have scoring guidelines, so be aware that you wonââ¬â¢t be able to check the official answers if you choose to use them. Review Books Review books can also be good resources for free response practice although they tend to vary in quality.The Princeton Review book for AP Gov includes five full practice tests, so there should be plenty of free response questions that you can use to practice your skills.The Barronââ¬â¢s review book also has a couple of practice tests and extra free response questions that may be useful for practice. If you donââ¬â¢t want to buy the book, you can also takeBarronââ¬â¢s free online practice test for AP Gov, which includes free-response questions and scoring guidelines.If you use these free-response questions for practice, just be sure to intersperse them with official questions from the College Board so that you maintain an accurate sense of what to expect on the real test. Review books can be great resources for free-response and multiple-choice practice questions and for test-taking strategies that you may not have discovered on your own. Conclusion The four free-response questions on the AP US Government exam can be approached methodically to earn the maximum number of points. Read the introduction to the question first so you can get your bearings. Then, for each of the separate parts, identify the command verb, address all aspects of the question, and double check your answer for missing pieces and careless errors. I'd suggest practicing at least a few free response questions before heading into the exam. The best resource to use is the College Board website, which has an archive of past questions accompanied by answer guidelines. These questions are pretty simple compared to the free-response questions on other AP tests once you get the hang of them! What's Next Not sure where to begin in studying for the test as a whole? Read our five-step plan that will help you prepare to take on any AP test. If you're missing some of your notes that you need to study for AP Gov, check out this article with links to all the content you need to know for the test. Do you have a target score in mind for this exam? Learn more about what it takes to earn a 5 on an AP test and whether you should aim for one yourself. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:
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